Physiology Medical animation
The journey of urine
Kidneys make urine; the bladder stores it before release through the urethra.
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The body at work.
Explore kidney, bladder and female and male reproductive function through illustrations and medical animations.
Physiology
Explore the path of urine
Select an organ to discover its role.
Kidneys
Make urine from blood through filtration and tubular adjustments.
Ureters
Carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder through contractions.
Bladder
Stores urine, then contracts in coordination with the sphincters.
Urethra
Carries urine from the bladder outside the body; it is distinct from the ureters.
Anatomical diagram of the urinary tract.
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Physiology Medical animation
The nephron: filtration and reabsorption
The nephron is the kidney’s working unit, combining a filter and a tubule.
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Water, salts and acid–base balance
Kidneys adjust water and salt excretion to the body’s needs.
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Kidney hormonal functions
Beyond making urine, the kidney participates in hormonal regulation.
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Urination, brain and continence
Storage and emptying depend on coordination between bladder, sphincters and nervous system.
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The female and male pelvic floor
Pelvic muscles and tissues support the pelvic organs in women and men.
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Sperm production and transport
Testicles produce sperm under hormonal control.
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Erection, ejaculation and orgasm
These events are related but distinct: an erection does not necessarily imply orgasm or ejaculation.
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Ovarian cycle, ovulation and periods
Ovaries and uterus respond to hormonal signals; cycle length varies.
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Fertilisation and early pregnancy
Meeting of sperm and egg is one step, not a guarantee of an ongoing pregnancy.
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Female sexual response
Sexual response involves the brain, sensation, blood flow and relationship context.
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Hormones, age and genital function
Hormones influence genital tissues, reproduction and aspects of sexuality.
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This general information does not replace a consultation. Tests and treatments are selected for each individual; they are not a routine checklist.