Definition
A foreskin that is difficult or impossible to retract. Non-retractability may be normal in young children.
Symptoms
Discomfort, cracks, repeated inflammation or painful erections; sometimes no symptoms.
How it may be discovered
Found during childhood examination or after new narrowing in adulthood.
When to seek care
Consult for pain or recurrent inflammation. A swollen foreskin trapped behind the glans is an emergency.
Investigations and tests
Usually clinical examination; selected assessment for skin disease or diabetes in adults.
Reaching a diagnosis
Distinguish normal development and adhesions from scarring.
Treatment options
Do not force retraction. Observation, prescribed topical treatment or surgery according to indication; childhood circumcision is not automatic.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.