Definition
Excess urine protein, particularly albumin, is a marker rather than a diagnosis by itself.
Symptoms
Usually silent; foamy urine or swelling is possible but nonspecific.
How it may be discovered
Urine dipstick or laboratory screening.
When to seek care
Persistent abnormalities need investigation. Major swelling or reduced urine needs prompt review.
Investigations and tests
Urine albumin/creatinine or protein/creatinine ratio, suitable repeat sampling, creatinine and blood pressure.
Reaching a diagnosis
Infection, fever or exercise may temporarily affect results; persistence and quantity guide assessment.
Treatment options
Treat the cause and reduce kidney and cardiovascular risk; medication depends on the individual situation.
These kidney guides are educational. Medical kidney disease may require coordinated care with a nephrologist.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.