Definition
Absence of sperm in the ejaculate, requiring laboratory confirmation.
Symptoms
Usually no symptoms; sometimes small testes or hormonal signs.
How it may be discovered
Semen analysis during fertility assessment.
When to seek care
A specialist couple assessment is needed; this result does not always rule out fatherhood.
Investigations and tests
Confirmatory semen tests, examination, hormones and selected genetic testing or imaging.
Reaching a diagnosis
Distinguish blocked sperm transport from impaired production, including hormonal causes.
Treatment options
Treat selected causes, repair obstruction or consider surgical sperm retrieval and assisted reproduction where appropriate.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.