Definition
One or both testes are outside the scrotum; a retractile testicle is different.
Symptoms
An empty or asymmetrical scrotum, usually without pain.
How it may be discovered
Newborn or childhood examination.
When to seek care
Persistent absence after the early months needs specialist referral; sudden pain is an emergency.
Investigations and tests
Clinical examination is central; ultrasound is not routinely helpful before referral.
Reaching a diagnosis
Distinguish retractile, undescended and later ascending testes.
Treatment options
Early surgical placement is usually considered. Follow-up remains important for fertility and tumour risk.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.