Definition
Pain with sexual activity or involuntary tightening that makes penetration difficult. Physical and emotional factors may coexist.
Symptoms
Burning, entry or deep pain, tightening and apprehension.
How it may be discovered
May be longstanding or follow infection, childbirth, hormonal changes or a painful experience.
When to seek care
Seek help without forcing painful intercourse. Fever, unusual bleeding or acute pelvic pain needs prompt assessment.
Investigations and tests
Discussion followed by gradual examination only with consent; targeted assessment for infection, skin or gynaecological conditions.
Reaching a diagnosis
Differentiate vulval pain, dryness, pelvic disease and difficulty relaxing; symptoms must not be dismissed as purely psychological.
Treatment options
Cause-specific treatment, comfort measures, appropriate rehabilitation and psychosexual support, with gynaecological coordination when needed.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.