Definition
A testicular lesion needs prompt assessment to distinguish a tumour from cysts or other causes.
Symptoms
A lump, hardening, enlargement or heaviness, often painless.
How it may be discovered
Noticed by the patient or found on examination or ultrasound.
When to seek care
Seek prompt review for a new mass. Sudden testicular pain is an emergency.
Investigations and tests
Examination, scrotal ultrasound, blood tumour markers and staging when indicated.
Reaching a diagnosis
Normal markers do not exclude cancer. Surgical tissue usually confirms diagnosis; transscrotal needle biopsy is not the routine test.
Treatment options
Appropriate inguinal surgery, followed by surveillance or additional treatment. Fertility preservation is discussed beforehand when possible.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.