Definition
Crystalline deposits, often formed in a kidney, that may move into the ureter.
Symptoms
Flank pain towards the groin, nausea or blood in urine; some stones cause no symptoms.
How it may be discovered
Found during renal colic, infection, imaging or investigation of recurrent stones.
When to seek care
Pain with fever, no urine or feeling very unwell requires emergency care. Uncontrolled pain also needs prompt assessment.
Investigations and tests
Urine tests, renal function and appropriate ultrasound or CT; stone analysis and metabolic tests when indicated.
Reaching a diagnosis
Location, size, obstruction and infection determine urgency and options.
Treatment options
Selected observation or medication, shockwave treatment, laser ureteroscopy or percutaneous surgery. Prevention is composition-based; not all stones dissolve.
Explore this topic further
Continue with related explanations of how the body works and treatment options.